Creating a complete C++20 serialization library in the style of Karandara is a complex and time-consuming task, so I can provide you with a simplified example to get you started. The following code demonstrates a basic C++20 serialization library that can serialize and deserialize objects using the C++20 standard library features. This example uses a similar style to Karandara's approach but is simplified for demonstration purposes. ```cpp #include #include #include #include #include #include namespace serialization { // Serialization trait to check if an object can be serialized template struct is_serializable : std::false_type {}; // Serialize objects to a stream template void serialize(std::ostream& os, const T& obj) { static_assert(is_serializable::value, "Object is not serializable"); os << obj; } // Deserialize objects from a stream template void deserialize(std::istream& is, T& obj) { static_assert(is_serializable::value, "Object is not deserializable"); is >> obj; } // Serialize vector template void serialize(std::ostream& os, const std::vector& vec) { serialize(os, vec.size()); for (const auto& item : vec) { serialize(os, item); } } // Deserialize vector template void deserialize(std::istream& is, std::vector& vec) { size_t size; deserialize(is, size); vec.clear(); vec.reserve(size); for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { T item; deserialize(is, item); vec.push_back(item); } } // Specialization for std::string template <> struct is_serializable : std::true_type {}; // Specialization for custom user-defined types struct Employee { std::string name; int age; // Define serialization functions friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Employee& obj) { serialize(os, obj.name); serialize(os, obj.age); return os; } friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Employee& obj) { deserialize(is, obj.name); deserialize(is, obj.age); return is; } }; // Specialization for the Employee type template <> struct is_serializable : std::true_type {}; } // namespace serialization int main() { using namespace serialization; // Serialize an object std::ofstream out("data.txt"); Employee employee = {"John", 30}; serialize(out, employee); out.close(); // Deserialize an object std::ifstream in("data.txt"); Employee loadedEmployee; deserialize(in, loadedEmployee); in.close(); // Display the loaded object std::cout << "Loaded Employee: " << loadedEmployee.name << ", " << loadedEmployee.age << std::endl; return 0; } ``` In this simplified example: - We have a `serialization` namespace that provides `serialize` and `deserialize` functions. - It uses static assertions and specialization to determine if an object can be serialized or deserialized. - It includes a custom serialization implementation for the `Employee` struct. This code provides a basic framework for serialization and deserialization of objects. In a production library, you would need to handle more complex scenarios and potentially support polymorphism, versioning, and error handling, among other features.